Long Range Transport of Asian Dust from Dust Storms and its Impact on Japan

We simulated the long range transport of dust emitted from dust storms that occurred in China by using a global three-dimensional chemical transport model. A modified dust emission flux scheme and a nonlocal diffusion scheme for determining the atmospheric eddy diffusivity in the atmospheric boundary layer were implemented to improve the chemical transport model. We examined the dust transport by comparing the model results with TOMS satellite images. The model calculated monthly total deposition of dust masses were used for comparison with the measurements collected at sampling stations in Japan, and good agreement was found. The model generally reproduced the temporal and spatial variations of dust reasonably well.     

中国近海石油污染现状及防治

概述了本世纪初我国近海海域石油烃类污染状况，并对海洋环境中石油烃类的存在形式、源、汇以及转化过程作了详细介绍，讨论了石油污染对海洋的危害，论述了石油烃类污染分析防治的各种措施及其优缺点，提出了对当前和今后研究的一些建议。     

室外大气颗粒物中痕量砷和锑测定的研究

采用微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法，用L-半胱氮酸预还原法对室外大气颗粒物中砷和锑进行了分析。讨论并确定了实验的最佳测定条件，结果表明，砷和锑的检出限分别为0．058ng／mL和0．075ng／mL，回收率为101．8％和98．4％，相对标准偏差分别为0．6％和0．9％。该法准确、快速、简便，应用于室外大气颗粒物中砷和锑的测定，结果满意。     

基于大气环境箱式模型对成都平原城市群主要城市空间发展的评价分析

本文讨论了大气环境箱式模型的两种表达方式在成都平原城市群规划中的适用性,并采用箱式模型计算成都平原城市群主要城市的大气环境容量,通过对不同假设条件的用地布局方案的大气环境容量计算和比较,对规划方案确定的南北轴线主要城市空间发展提出了限制性条件,使规划方案符合大气环境容量的要求,以确保环境空气质量目标的实现.     

深厚覆盖层防渗墙槽壁稳定影响因素及提高稳定性措施

深厚覆盖层防渗墙工程越来越多,深度也越来越大。由于深厚覆盖层地质条件的复杂性,槽壁稳定受到诸多因素的影响,主要影响因素有:地质条件、泥浆性能、地下水位、槽段划分、施工机械和外荷载影响等。针对这些影响因素提出了提高槽壁稳定性的措施,给出槽壁发生坍塌失稳的处理措施,并指明今后研究的发展方向。通过对槽壁稳定的研究,为解决深厚覆盖层防渗墙槽壁失稳问题提供理论依据和研究方法。     

深厚砂砾石地层帷幕灌浆质量检测与评价技术

灌浆是基础处理常用且有效的方法。采用有效的检测方法查明基础灌浆缺陷的位置,以便及时进行技术处理,是工程建设的一个重要的课题。本文就目前工程界常用的砂砾石层帷幕灌浆的检测与评价方法进行了系统地分析、比较,总结得出适合于深厚砂砾石层防渗帷幕灌浆质量检测与评价的方法。     

Exports of dissolved ammonium (NH4 +) during storm events across multiple catchments in a glaciated forested watershed

Storm event exports of dissolved were explored for multiple events in the Point Peter Brook watershed (PPBW), a glaciated, forested watershed located in Western New York, USA. Investigations were performed across four catchments (1.6–696 ha) with varying topography and the extent of surface-saturated areas. While wetland and riparian waters were important sources of during non-storm periods, throughfall and litter leachate were the dominant contributors of during storm events. Ammonium concentrations in catchment discharge displayed a sinusoidal seasonal pattern with a maximum during early spring (March) and a minimum in late summer (August–September). Storm event concentrations of in streamflow were much greater than baseflow values and showed a consistent temporal pattern with an increase in concentrations on the hydrograph rising limb, a peak at or before the discharge peak, followed by a decline in concentrations. Storm event patterns of DON were similar to while the patterns of differed from for the summer and fall events. The storm event expression of was attributed to throughfall and throughfall-mediated leaching of the litter layer. The reactive behavior of precluded its use in an end member mixing model (EMMA) for predicting streamflow concentrations. While concentrations of in precipitation and streamflow were high for the spring events, exports of in streamflow were highest for the large and intense storm events. Baseflow concentrations increased with the percent wetland/saturated area in the catchment but the same trend did not hold for storm-event concentrations.     

Atmospheric Monitoring at Abandoned Mercury Mine Sites in Asturias (NW Spain)

Mercury concentrations are usually significant in historic Hg mining districts all over the world, so the atmospheric environment is potentially affected. In Asturias, northern Spain, past mining operations have left a legacy of ruins and Hg-rich wastes, soils and sediments in abandoned sites. Total Hg concentrations in the ambient air of these abandoned mine sites have been investigated to evaluate the impact of the Hg emissions. This paper presents the synthesis of current knowledge about atmospheric Hg contents in the area of the abandoned Hg mining and smelting works at ‘La Peña–El Terronal’ and La Soterraña, located in Mieres and Pola de Lena districts, respectively, both within the Caudal River basin. It was found that average atmospheric Hg concentrations are higher than the background level in the area (0.1 μg Nm^?3), reaching up to 203.7 μg Nm^?3 at 0.2 m above the ground level, close to the old smelting chimney at El Terronal mine site. Data suggest that past Hg mining activities have big influences on the increased Hg concentrations around abandoned sites and that atmospheric transfer is a major pathway for Hg cycling in these environments.     

Facing Hazardous Matter in Atmospheric Particles with NanoSIMS (2 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope Current scientific studies and evaluations clearly show that an increase of urban dust loads, alone or combined with other pollutants und certain meteorological conditions lead to different significant health effects. Premature death, increased hospital admissions and increased respiratory symptoms and diseases as well as decreased lung function can be observed in combination with high pollutant levels. Sensitive groups like elderly people or children and persons with cardiopulmonary diseases such as asthma are more strongly affected. Because of the direct contact between fine particles and lung tissue more information concerning the surface structure (mapping of toxic elements) is required. Materials and Methods: The NanoSims50 ion microprobe images the element composition at the surface of sub-micrometer air dust particles and documents hot spots of toxic elements as a possible threat for human health. Results: The atmospheric fine dust consists of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. Heavy metals are fixed on airborn particles in the form of hot spots in a nanometer scale. From a sanitary point of view, the hot spots consisting of toxic elements are particularly relevant as they react directly with the lung tissues. Discussion: To what extent particles can penetrate the various areas of the lungs and be deposited there depends on the one hand on their physical characteristics and on the other on breathing patterns and the anatomy of the lung, which is subject to change as the result of growth, ageing or illness. Once inhaled, some particles can reach the pulmonary alveoli and thus directly expose the lung tissues to toxic elements. Conclusions: Especially the mapping of toxic arsenic or heavy metals like copper on the dust particles shows local hot spots of pollution in the dimension of only 50 nanometers. Recommendations and Perspectives: Imaging of elements in atmospheric particles with NanoSIMS will help to identify the material sources.